A geographic information system gis is a framework for gathering, managing, and analyzing data. To perform various operations with gis, the components of gis such as software, hardware, data, people and methods are essential. Geographical information systems gis introduction geographical information system gis is a technology that provides the means to collect and use geographic data to assist in the development of agriculture. It provides an electronic representation of information, called spatial data, about the earths natural and manmade features. Not just any mapintelligent digital maps made possible by geographic information system gis technology. All these 5 elements are required for successful implementation of gis. Remote sensing and gis notes pdf rs and gis notes pdf book starts with the topics principle and types of aerial photographs. Introduction to gis 2 introduction definition of gis like the field of geography, the term geographic information system gis is hard to define. Geographic information system has become a very reliable tool as far as analyzing a targeted location. Gis can therefore be smaller than ais by up to a factor of 10. Unfortunately, there is some disagreement over what actually defines a gis, with some people even arguing that the term itself is not useful at all. Aug 28, 2016 what is geographic information system. Management information system nptel online videos, courses iit video lectures. Worboys, 1997 other definitions of gis a container of maps in digital form.
It represents the integration of many subject areas. Data can be collected and details of the geographical area unveiled to serve the purpose of the gis project that is at hand. An operational gis also has a series of components that combine to make the system work. Nptel video lectures, iit video lectures online, nptel youtube lectures, free video lectures, nptel online courses, youtube iit videos nptel courses.
A geographic information system gis is a computerbased tool for mapping and analyzing geographic phenomenon that exist, and events that occur, on earth. Lecture 2 1 introduction to gis based on lecture notes of dr. Gis server the gis server hosts your gis resources, such as maps, globes and address locators and exposes them as services. Six important components of hydroelectric power plants. Unfortunately, there is some disagreement over what actually defines a gis, with some. Hardware software data people in this tutorial, we will provide you with information about each of these components and how they interact with each other. Strengthening the importance of geographical information systems gis components in organisations for a successful gis technology a key to a successful gis in organisations 2 of 5 administrative and. Geographical information system gis, remote sensing rs, and global positioning system gps. A geographic information system gis is a computerbased tool for mapping and analyzing things that exist and events that happen on earth. Strengthening the importance of geographical information systems gis components in organisations for a successful gis technology a key to a successful gis in organisations 3 of 5 technology first among the gis components is the technology of gis itself, which consists of the software and hardware. Geographical information system gis and its components. A broadly accepted definition of gis is the one provided by the. In this lecture, we will discuss about geographic information system. Hello everyone, i am back again and we will be discussing in this lecture errors in gif and key elements of.
Unlike a flat paper map, where what you see is what you get, gis can present many layers of different information. An arcgis server system is made up of some of the following components. Pdf essential elements of geographic information system. A geographic information system gis is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present spatial or geographic data. A gis references these realworld spatial data elements. A geographical information system is a collection of spatially referenced data i. Data can be collected and details of the geographical area unveiled to.
A gis system should be production oriented, which may or may not mean product oriented. Gis system design and implementation planning are not a separate process. Like any other information technology, gis can be divided into the following four components. Urban planning, route optimization, fire or pollution monitoring, utility networks, etc other applications. For anyone trying to evaluate information, the most intuitive way to view it is on a map. Introduction to gis workbook university of maryland libraries. Introduction to geographic information systems class central. So let us check the usage of gis in disaster management. Global positioning system by nptel civil engineering ce. Gis is computer software that links geographic information where things are with descriptive information what things are.
Concept of geoinformatics nptel web course 12 th aug. It helps in navigating the directions,locating the places,measuring the distance. If control components are not properly selected, the entire system will fail to deliver the required output. Understand different components of gis and learning about map projection and coordinate. Geographic information system gis is a computer system build to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage and display all kinds of spatial or geographical data. Elements for the control of energy and other control in fluid power system. Today, gis software runs on a wide range of hardware types, from centralized computer servers to desktop computers used in standalone or networked configurations. Nptel syllabus geoinformatics in transportation engineering web course course outline.
Introduction, gis definition, and terminology, gis categories, components of gis, fundamental operations of gis, a theoretical framework for gis. Accordingly there us no absolutely agreed upon definition of a gis demers, 1997. The proposed course provides basic understanding about gis technology. These essential components of a geographic information system are the same as those of any other information s ystem. Geographic information systems have three important components they are i computer hardware ii set of application software modules. Global positioning system gps and its applications united nationscroatia workshop on the applications of global navigation satellite systems baska, krk island, croatia april 20 u. Gis system and application basically deals with information that can be viewed as data with specific meaning and context rather than simple data. The direct evidence of mapping comes from middle east in the form of babylonian clay tablets as early as b. Handbook on geographic information systems and digital mapping.
A computerized tool for solving geographic problems. Let us compare th is sequence of functional elements to a more. For this seminar we will be using arcgis desktop 10, the newest version of a popular gis software produced by esri. The second chapter discusses, inter alia, costbenefit analysis of an investment in digital cartography and gis, plans for census. Basic components of geographic information systemgis.
Aida maerinskien vilnius gediminas technical university. Problems and issues in land resource management in the region. Geographical information systems a geographical information system gis is a system of hardware, software and procedures to facilitate the management, manipulation, analysis, modeling. Introduction to geographic information systems nptel. Components of gis gis enables the user to input, manage, manipulate, analyze, and display geographically referenced data using a computerized system.
Lecture 2 introduction to gis based on lecture notes of. Mod01 lec 1 geographic information system an introduction. The geographical information system is also called as a geographic information system or geospatial information system. There are five major considerations in the differences between the two high voltage substations. The differences between air insulated substation engineering and gas insulated substation engineering are vast. Training material elements of geographic information system gii 01 authors module 1, 3 brad maguire module 2 andrew miller module 4, 5 dr.
To understand these basic concepts in context of transportation and. Gps is being used all over the world for numerous navigational. These four elements are essential components of a gis setup. A gis geographic information system is a powerful tool used for computerized mapping and spatial analysis.
And in previous lecture i have discussed different types of a vector data, if you recall that i mentioned the data and gis can be divided into two major components. Nptel video lecture topic list created by linuxpert systems. Learn for free, pay a small fee for exam and get a certificate. Control components in hydraulic system one of the most important functions in any fluid power system is control. Presently, gis is being used extensively in various domains including in civil engineering, water resources, earth sciences, transportation engineering, navigation etc. Create and share a map with arcgis online training services account credentials sign in to arcgis online choose a. The geographical information system is also called as a geographic. Gasinsulated substations gis the atmospheric air insulation used in a conventional, airinsulated substation ais requires meters of air insulation to do what sf6 can do in centimeters. Home technical articles main components of a gas insulated substation gis you should know about gis components gas insulated substations gis use circuit breakers, disconnect switches and. Lecture 2 introduction to gis based on lecture notes of dr. Main components of a gas insulated substation gis you. T echnically, this necessitates a closer integration of remote sensing and gis. Mar 18, 2017 gis is useful for various sectors like government, travels and tourism, and many more. Lecture 02different components of gis lecture 03different types of vector data.
Introduction the global positioning system gps is a satellitebased navigation and surveying system for determination of precise position and time, using radio signals from the satellites, in realtime or in postprocessing mode. Disaster management system also uses the gis as to make us aware about any kind of natural disaster like flood, earthquake, cyclone etc. An introduction to geographical information systems gis what is a geographical information system. System of systems a distributed platform built on open geospatial services. Software components can be explained using an analogy to plumbing. Lecture 1 intro to gis and gis vector and raster data models. A geographic information system gis is a computer system for capturing, storing, querying, analyzing, and displaying geographic data. A gis provides functionality to capture, store, query, analyze, display and output geographic information. Only in this way, the student can abstract from the peculiarities of a particular system.
The basic hardware in gis includes a computer device consisting of monitor, cpu, keyboard and printers, scanners, digitizing tablets, digitizing pens, hard disks for memory etc. Introduction the global positioning system gps is a satellitebased navigation and surveying system for determination of precise. Aug 06, 2012 gis is a computer system capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information, i. The gis project maintains links to the individual data files the data is not embedded in the map document itself gis formats, like shapefile shp, have many files that are. Why geography matters 6 how do organizations unlock geography from the data they use every day to make decisions. However, the software exists and performs many tasks of great use when studying the past. Introduction to geographic information systems prof. Lecture 29 sanitary components and requirements nptel video lecture topic list created by linuxpert systems, chennaiget digimat digital media access terminal for highspeed video streaming of nptel and educational video courses in lan.
Introduction to geographic information systems youtube. Remote sensing and geographical information systems by m. Components of gis system gis system can be viewed as an integration of three components. Geographical information system has three important components. Remote sensing rs and geographic information system gis technology, land record information management system for cadastral mapping was developed by integrating digital cadastral map and. An introduction to geographical information systems gis. Handbook on geographic information systems and digital. A digital map is generally of much greater value than the same map printed on a paper as the. Gis applications are tools that allow users to create interactive queries usercreated searches, analyze spatial information, edit data in maps, and present the results of all these operations.
A gis is an organized collection of computer hardware, software, geographic data, and personnel to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze, and. Important gis components geographic information system has become a very reliable tool as far as analyzing a targeted location. Geographic information systems gis defined by components. Users are two types technical specialistechnical specialist who design and maintain the who design and maintain the gis gis software professionals. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Overview of gis a geographical information system gis is a system for capturing, storing, analyzing and managing data and associated attributes, which are spatially referenced to the earth. A gis helps users answer questions and solve problems by looking at data in a way that is quickly understood and easily shared, and gis technology can be integrated into any enterprise information system framework. Gis is usually taken to stand for either geographic information systems or geographic information science. A gis is an organized collection of computer hardware, software, geographic data, and personnel designed to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze, and display all forms of geographically referenced information. International federation of surveyorsfig land information system. Geographical information systems gis are computerbased systems that enable users to collect, store, process, analyze and present spatial data. The second chapter discusses, inter alia, costbenefit analysis of an investment in digital cartography and gis, plans for census cartographic process, digital map database development, quality assurance, database maintenance, and use of gis during census enumeration. Introducton to geographicc informaton systems about the.
As you know each and every system having different components, so gis if you take say example of a pencil then pencil having two major components. Nptel, online courses and certification, learn for free. Production work in gis involves making maps a product, but it also involves interactive analysis a result which. Hardware hardware is the computer on which a gis operates. The listed components are described briefly in the following sections. Rooted in the science of geography, gis integrates many types of data.
Gis is a computer system capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information, i. Management information system nptel online videos, courses. They are the result of more than 20 years involvement in gis and spatial data handling. The canada geographic information system cgis, which was conceptualized in the early 1960s and became operational in 1972, as reported by tomlinson et al. Various key elements of gis are hardware, software, data, methods and people.
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